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Table 3 The regression performance of the 4 machine learning models considered in the comparative study in terms of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and related confidence intervals (CIs, at a 95% Confidence Level): the lower the value, the better the performance. The first column presents the CIs of the MAE of models with the ordinal encoding; the second column the same accuracy indicators for the CoIED encoding

From: Ordinal labels in machine learning: a user-centered approach to improve data validity in medical settings

 

Ordinal

CoIED

Membership

Weighted Sampling

RF

[1.458, 1.89]

[1.459, 1.89]

[1.467, 1.861]

[1.688, 1.825]

k-NN

[2.012, 2.277]

[1.503, 1.813]

[2.078, 2.321]

[1.731, 1.854]

LASSO

[1.586, 1.863]

[1.474, 1.736]

[2.121, 2.367]

[1.769, 1.902]

SVR (RBF kernel)

[1.985, 2.312]

[1.268, 1.736]

[2.047, 2.373]

[1.654, 1.829]