Table 3 Reasons for using PP in the MPLC

1. Reasons related to the unique insights of patients

 • Patients have experiential knowledge of disease and treatment [16, 24, 38, 43, 54, 60, 62]

 • Decision-makers and patients might have differing preferences [19, 40, 44, 58, 63]

 • It challenges the opinions on the importance of endpoints [30, 52]

2. Reasons related to the unique position of patients

 • Patients are the ultimate beneficiaries/end-consumers of healthcare [25, 31]

 • Patients are directly affected by the decision [38, 43, 53, 54, 60, 62]

 • Patients’ lives are affected by whether their concerns were considered [64]

 • Patient benefit is an objective of providing healthcare services [64]

3. Reasons related to the positive effect on quality of the decision-making process

 • It enables judging the consistency of decisions with patient values [64]

 • It enables a more patient-centered decision-making [19, 36, 40, 52, 53, 58]

 • It allows evidence-based consideration of patient perspectives [24, 36, 38, 40, 43, 45, 52, 58, 64, 65]

 • It ensures patient needs are better met [25, 53, 64]

 • Measurements of clinical effects usually do not sufficiently capture PP [38, 64]

 • It facilitates integration of patient concerns into decision-making [66]

 • It increases the effectiveness of patient involvement strategies [62]

 • It solves the issue of which patients to involve directly in decision-making [38]

 • It may be more representative than direct patient involvement [24, 25, 38, 40, 43, 58, 60, 62, 67, 68]

 • It is required for the implementation of evidence-based medicine [64]