Stillbirths: how should its rate be reported, its disability-adjusted-life-years (DALY), and stillbirths adjusted life expectancy

Table 4 Stillbirth-caused decrease in life expectancy and DALY or years of life lost by region & income-group

Region/income-group	LE	SALE	\|SALE-LE\|	DALY=YLL (in 100,000)
DR Mean/Total	79.31	79.04	0.27	3.6
SD	3.7	3.7	0.11
SD/Mean	4.6	4.7	41.8
SA Mean/Total	70.53	69.23	1.30	63.4
SD	5.1	5.7	0.79
SD/Mean	7.2	8.2	60.2
CCA Mean/Total	70.89	69.99	0.89	1.6
SD	3.1	3.1	0.23
SD/Mean	4.3	4.5	25.8
EA Mean/Total	74.58	74.03	0.54	9.7
SD	5.8	6.0	0.32
SD/Mean	7.7	8.1	57.9
LAC Mean/Total	74.14	73.40	0.75	6.7
SD	3.8	4.0	0.45
SD/Mean	5.1	5.4	41.6
NAME Mean/Tot	74.06	73.21	0.85	10.4
SD	3.7	4.0	0.45
SD/Mean	5.0	5.5	52.3
SEA Mean/Total	71.22	70.34	0.88	10.6
SD	4.7	5.0	0.34
SD/Mean	6.6	7.0	38.9
SSA Mean/Total	60.33	58.92	1.41	59.4
SD	5.8	6.0	0.43
SD/Mean	9.7	10.1	30.8
World Mean/Tot	71.18	70.33	0.85	165.3
SD	8.38	8.82	0.56
SD/Mean	11.8	12.5	65.2
H & Up-Mid-Y
Mean/Total	76.14	75.63	0.51	27.2
SD	5.6	5.9	0.32
SD/Mean	7.4	7.7	62.5
Low-Mid & L-Y
Mean/Total	64.69	63.39	1.30	138.1
SD	6.83	7.07	0.48
SD/Mean	10.6	11.1	37.0

LE and SALE stand for the traditional life expectancy and stillbirths adjusted life expectancy, respectively, and are for 2015 above. Traditional life expectancy data is from World Development Indicators (WDI) Difference between the two measures decrease in life-expectancy due to considering stillbirths. SD and mean are of corresponding numbers of individual countries’ in the region or income-group given in Additional file 3. The abbreviations for the regions and income-group are DR developed region, SA Southern Asia, CCA Caucasus and Central Asia, EA Eastern Asia, LA Latin America & Caribbean, NAME North Africa and Middle East, SEA South-eastern Asia, SSA Sub-Saharan Africa, H & Up-Mid-Y high and upper middle income, Low-Mid & L-Y lower middle and low income. SD/mean is expressed as a % (with % sign not written)