Table 4 Principal component analysis: A) Core readiness, B) Engagement readiness, and C) Structural readiness

 I am an innovator and/or champion for medical app use. (B)

 I have a driving need to address a public or patient healthcare problem (as opposed to a practitioner specific one) that could be met by medical apps. (A)

 I am willing to make the initial extra investment in time. (B)

 I have a sense of curiosity about the influences of medical app use on improving the delivery of health care (potential benefits). (B)

 I communicate with other practitioners and the public concerning the benefits of medical app use. (B)

 I have the need to interact with other practitioners. (B)

 I have examples and evidence of medical app use in similar contexts. (B)

 I believe medical app use can address scheduling concerns and apprehensions about overextended workloads. (C)

 I have access to an established reliable and available clinical consultation network (human) when using medical apps. (C)

 I have 24-h access to medical apps. (C)

 I have respect for others in the medical team using medical apps. (B)

 I am provided with reliable clinical content and continuing medical education for medical app use. (C)

 I have reimbursement plans for medical app in place. (C)

 I have a feeling of dissatisfaction with the current available ways of delivering care, e.g. status quo. (A)

 I have firsthand experience of the negative effects of isolation from healthcare services (professional and educational). (A)

 I attend to issues regarding liability and licensing when using medical apps. (C)

 I have dealt with apprehensions about the reliability of medical apps and have good technical support and backup plans. (C)