Table 1 Characteristics of the unmatched and matched portal non-users and portal users
From: On the effect of electronic patient portal on primary care utilization and appointment adherence
Non-users | Users | Matched Non-users | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 15,659 | n = 5494 | p-value | n = 5494 | p-value | ||||
Time-Invariant Variables | ||||||||
Age Categories | < 0.05 | 0.78 | ||||||
0–18 | 1944 | 12.4% | 57 | 1.0% | 58 | 1.1% | ||
19–30 | 4328 | 27.6% | 1619 | 29.5% | 1619 | 29.5% | ||
31–45 | 3764 | 24.0% | 1781 | 32.4% | 1727 | 31.4% | ||
46–64 | 3755 | 24.0% | 1478 | 26.9% | 1528 | 27.8% | ||
65+ | 1868 | 11.9% | 559 | 10.2% | 566 | 10.3% | ||
Sex | < 0.05 | 0.70 | ||||||
Female | 8703 | 55.6% | 3636 | 66.2% | 3656 | 66.6% | ||
Male | 6956 | 44.4% | 1858 | 33.8% | 1838 | 33.4% | ||
Race | < 0.05 | 0.95 | ||||||
Asian | 502 | 3.2% | 249 | 4.5% | 233 | 4.2% | ||
Black | 4146 | 26.4% | 735 | 13.4% | 716 | 13.0% | ||
Hispanic | 70 | 0.4% | 21 | 0.4% | 19 | 0.3% | ||
Other | 945 | 6.0% | 394 | 7.2% | 387 | 7.0% | ||
Unknown | 795 | 5.1% | 191 | 3.5% | 191 | 3.5% | ||
White | 9201 | 58.8% | 3904 | 71.1% | 3948 | 71.9% | ||
Marital Status | < 0.05 | 0.48 | ||||||
Divorced/Separated | 757 | 4.8% | 257 | 4.7% | 254 | 4.6% | ||
Married | 4743 | 30.2% | 2440 | 44.4% | 2437 | 44.4% | ||
Other | 151 | 1.0% | 36 | 0.7% | 25 | 0.5% | ||
Partner | 78 | 0.5% | 39 | 0.7% | 28 | 0.5% | ||
Single | 8205 | 52.5% | 2288 | 41.6% | 2311 | 42.1% | ||
Unknown | 1356 | 8.6% | 350 | 6.4% | 367 | 6.7% | ||
Widowed | 369 | 2.4% | 84 | 1.5% | 72 | 1.3% | ||
Time-Varying Variables | ||||||||
Insurance Type Baseline | < 0.05 | 0.87 | ||||||
Blue Cross Blue Shield | 6172 | 39.4% | 3125 | 56.9% | 3152 | 57.4% | ||
Commercial/Managed Care | 2899 | 18.5% | 1038 | 18.9% | 1024 | 18.6% | ||
Federal/Military | 88 | 0.6% | 28 | 0.5% | 29 | 0.5% | ||
Medicaid | 3561 | 22.7% | 558 | 10.2% | 551 | 10.0% | ||
Medicare | 2300 | 14.7% | 551 | 10.0% | 564 | 10.3% | ||
No Record | 36 | 0.2% | 24 | 0.4% | 23 | 0.4% | ||
Other Program | 18 | 0.1% | 4 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | ||
Self-pay | 580 | 3.7% | 160 | 2.9% | 150 | 2.7% | ||
Worker’s Compensation | 5 | 0.0% | 6 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.0% | ||
Active Problem Number Baseline | < 0.05 | 0.83 | ||||||
“0” | 6169 | 39.4% | 1993 | 36.3% | 1999 | 36.4% | ||
“1–4” | 6971 | 44.5% | 2537 | 46.2% | 2555 | 46.5% | ||
“5+” | 2519 | 16.1% | 964 | 17.5% | 940 | 17.1% | ||
PCP Office Visit Arrived Baseline (per Quarter) | 0.21 | 0.19 | ||||||
“0” | 15,490 | 99.2% | 5449 | 99.3% | 5452 | 99.2% | ||
“1” | 71 | 0.5% | 24 | 0.4% | 20 | 0.4% | ||
“2+” | 59 | 0.4% | 12 | 0.2% | 22 | 0.4% | ||
PCP Office Visit No-show Baseline (per Quarter) | < 0.05 | 0.43 | ||||||
“0” | 15,524 | 99.1% | 5469 | 99.5% | 5462 | 99.4% | ||
“1+” | 135 | 0.9% | 25 | 0.5% | 32 | 0.6% | ||
PCP Office Visit Canceled Baseline (per Quarter) | < 0.05 | 0.06 | ||||||
“0” | 15,379 | 98.2% | 5420 | 98.7% | 5387 | 98.2% | ||
“1+” | 280 | 1.8% | 74 | 1.3% | 97 | 1.8% | ||