Screening pregnant women for suicidal behavior in electronic medical records: diagnostic codes vs. clinical notes processed by natural language processing

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of pregnant women screened positive for suicidal behavior by diagnostic codes vs. NLP

Characteristics	Diagnostic codes (N = 196)		NLP^a(N = 486)		P-values^b	Reference group^c(N = 17,183)
	n	%	n	%		n	%
Age at the most recent pregnancy with suicidal behavior^d	26.8 (6.9)		26.4 (6.2)		0.46	35.7 (8.3)^e
Age at the most recent pregnancy with suicidal behavior^d					0.14
< 16	4	2.04	2	0.41		38	0.22
[16, 18)	8	4.08	27	5.56		65	0.38
[18, 20)	16	8.16	53	10.91		205	1.19
[20, 35)	141	71.94	352	72.43		7594	44.19
≥ 35	27	13.78	52	10.70		9281	54.01
Language					0.51
English	168	85.71	407	83.74		14,844	86.39
Spanish	21	10.71	66	13.58		1537	8.94
Other	7	3.57	13	2.67		802	4.67
Race/ethnicity					0.20
Asian	7	3.57	8	1.65		1036	6.03
Black or African American	41	20.92	80	16.46		1837	10.69
Hispanic	56	28.57	162	33.33		2677	15.58
White	87	44.39	211	43.42		10,413	60.60
Other/Not recorded	5	2.55	25	5.14		1220	7.10
Religion					0.34
Christian	75	38.27	221	45.47		5904	34.36
Catholic	63	32.14	162	33.33		6627	38.57
Islamic	5	2.55	8	1.65		451	2.62
Jewish	1	0.51	6	1.23		676	3.93
No preference/None	27	13.78	49	10.08		1275	7.42
Other/Unknown/Not recorded	25	12.76	40	8.23		2250	13.09
Marital status					0.15
Married/Partner/Common law	42	21.43	144	29.63		10,816	62.95
Single	140	71.43	316	65.02		4675	27.21
Separated/Divorced/Widowed	9	4.59	15	3.09		1000	5.82
Other/Unknown	5	2.55	11	2.26		692	4.03
Vital status					0.04
Deceased with date of death	2^f	1.02	6^f	1.23		168	0.98
Deceased with date of death unknown	4	2.04	1	0.21		35	0.20
Not reported as deceased	190	96.94	479	98.56		16,980	98.82
Veteran					0.12
No	169	86.22	421	86.63		14,810	86.19
Yes	3	1.53	1	0.21		75	0.44
Unknown	24	12.24	64	13.17		2298	13.37
Insurance					0.03
Medicaid	97	49.49	210	43.21		3097	18.02
Medicare	18	9.18	30	6.17		531	3.09
Private Insurance	63	32.14	217	44.65		12,415	72.25
Self-pay	8	4.08	11	2.26		488	2.84
Other	10	5.10	18	3.70		652	3.79

Abbreviations: Natural language processing (NLP)
^aRandomly sampled from women aged 10–64 years with at least one diagnostic code related to pregnancy or delivery, matching on age, race, comparative health with women screened positive for suicidal behavior by diagnostic codes using a 1:30 matching ratio
^bFor continuous variables, P-value was calculated using the Student’s t test; for categorical variables, P-value was calculated using the Chi-square test.
^cRandomly sampled from women aged 10–64 years with at least one diagnostic code related to pregnancy or delivery, matching on comparative health with women screened positive for suicidal behavior by diagnostic codes using a 1:100 matching ratio
^dMean (Standard deviation)
^eAge at most recent date with diagnostic codes related to pregnancy or delivery
^fNone of the deaths occurred within 183 days after suicidal behavior

ISSN: 1472-6947