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Table 3 Accordance of the tool’s disease assessments and the physicians’ findings ordered to the respective treatment recommendation

From: A mobile phone based tool to identify symptoms of common childhood diseases in Ghana: development and evaluation of the integrated clinical algorithm in a cross-sectional study

 

Agreement (%)

Cohen’s kappa

p-valuea

Sensitivity

(%)

Specificity

(%)

PPVb

NPVc

Prevalenced

(%)

A

 Neurological emergency

77.2

− 0.01

0.71

0

77.5

0

99.5

0.4

 Severe RTIe

84.0

0.3

< 0.01

54.6

87.0

30.0

94.9

9.3

 GI-infectionf with severe dehydration

93.3

0.08

0.09

16.7

95.2

8.3

97.8

2.5

 Inability to drink/breastfeed

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

 Severe febrile disease

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

B

 Febrile disease

78.9

0.51

< 0.01

83.2

68.6

86.3

63.2

70.5

 Moderate RTIe

63.7

0.05

0.21

27.3

77.8

32.1

73.5

27.9

 GI-infectionf with some dehydration

81.9

0.25

< 0.01

66.7

82.9

20.8

97.4

6.3

 Dysentery

84.0

0.17

< 0.01

71.4

84.3

12.2

99.0

3.0

C

 Mild RTIe

62.5

−0.07

0.87

17.0

75.5

16.7

76.0

22.4

 GI-infectionf with no dehydration

73.4

0.2

< 0.01

27.4

89.7

48.6

77.7

26.2

  1. A = requiring emergency treatment
  2. B = requiring causal treatment
  3. C = requiring home care
  4. ap-value for Cohen’s Kappa
  5. bPPV = positive predictive value
  6. cNPV = negative predictive value
  7. dPrevalence of the disease assessments made by the physicians
  8. eRTI = respiratory tract infection
  9. fGI-infection = gastrointestinal infection