Table 1 Design rules for cognitive modes

Skill-Based

Familiar perceptual patterns

Forms of direct manipulation

Rule-Based

Familiar perceptual patterns linked in procedural sequences with a consistent one-to-one mapping between the work constraints and the information provided at the interface

Manipulative capabilities linked directly to the perceptual forms that are intended to guide the action

Knowledge-Based

A knowledge resource, organized and indexed to support assembly of an adequate constellation of information for the current cognitive activity, in a form that allows its meaning in the current context to be readily evident, and filtered to exclude distracting elements

Knowledge bases, indexed and cross referenced.

Succinct, targeted summaries of critical knowledge

Planning and modelling tools