Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for literature search

Inclusion criteria for papers:

- Describing development, validation or updating of a DSS;

- Describing DSS that aims to predict prognosis (overall survival or progression-free survival), optimal treatment selection or toxicity;

- Describing DSS that is depicted either as a risk score with a formula, nomogram, decision tree or (online) calculator or application.

- Describing DSS that is applied in incurable patients with (initial or recurrent) metastatic NSCLC (stages IIIB and IV).

- Describing DSS that is developed or validated in clinical data collected after 2000, as older data would not correctly reflect the current clinical practices anymore;

- Papers published in English.

Exclusion criteria for papers:

- Examining early stage NSCLC patients or patients with oligometastases;

- Comparing treatments with curative intention or predicting whether curing metastases is still possible;

- Describing univariate or multivariate analyses where only Hazard ratios or Odds ratios are reported, but no calculation of survival time for individual patients;

- Non-original papers (e.g., reviews, methodological papers) only used for reference tracking;

- Describing separate parameters that cannot be applied as an independent DSS;

- Describing general tools that are not developed or validated in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC.