Table 1 Types of data generated in workshops, observations and individual interviews using a design thinking approach

Phase 1 - inspiration

Workshop 1 (HCP^a)

To identify needs and challenges in the communication between users and HCP

9

Dialogue tools

Minutes Video recordings

Observations (Individual consultation in GP, patient

education in CHC

To identify user needs and challenges

To gain insight into the working procedure and consultation/ patient education

To recruit users for a workshop

11

Open observation strategy

Field notes

Individual

Interviews

To identify user needs and challenges

12

Semi-structured individual interviews

Transcribed individual interviews

Workshop 2 (Users)

To validate the results from workshop 8 1, the individual interviews and the observations

To identify and discuss users’ needs and challenges

8

Personas of user needs and challenges,

Visualized ideas

Audio-recorded Minutes

Phase 2- ideation

Workshop 3 (Users)

To discuss five refined ideas To refine and adjust the ideas

8

Visualized ideas, User Journey, Flowchart

Audio- recorded Minutes

Workshop 4 (Users)

To discuss seven refined ideas

To prioritize the ideas with the participants

To refine and adjust the ideas

7

Visualized ideas,

Dialogue tools

Audio- recorded Minutes

Individual

Interview

To discuss seven refined ideas

To prioritize the ideas

To refine and adjust the ideas Minutes with users

1

Visualized ideas,

Dialogue tools

Audio-recorded Minutes

Workshop 5 (Users)

To get feedback on the preliminary app content and design

To refine and adjust the wireframes

9

Wireframes

Minutes

Individual

Interviews (GPs)

To get feedback on the preliminary app content and design

To discuss a potential implementation of the app in practice

3

Wireframes

Minutes

Phase 3 - implementation

Observations (GP, CHC)

To observe introductions to the app conducted by HCP

Open observation strategy

Minutes

Individual interviews

To explore users’ experiences with the prototype in practice

14

Semi-structured individual interview

Transcribed individual interviews

Workshop 6 (HCP^a)

To discuss a potential implementation of the app in practice based on the pilot study and the HCP’s experiences

7

Visualized recruitment overview of app in practice

Minutes