Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patient cohort
From: FAM-FACE-SG: a score for risk stratification of frequent hospital admitters
Model Derivation Dataset | Model Validation Dataset | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | All patients (n = 17670) | Frequent admitters (n = 3061) | Non frequent admitters (n = 14609) | All patients (n = 7574) | Frequent admitters (n = 1261) | Non frequent admitters (n = 6313) |
Patient Demographics | ||||||
Age, Mean (SD) | 58.6 (17.92) | 65.15 (15.15) | 57.26 (18.14) | 58.3 (17.93) | 64.53 (15.17) | 57.06 (18.18) |
Gender, Male (%) | 9127 (51.6%) | 1579 (52.6%) | 7548 (51.5%) | 3929 (51.9%) | 680 (53.9%) | 3249 (51.5%) |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Chinese (%) | 12772 (72.3%) | 2234 (74.4%) | 10538 (71.8%) | 5417 (71.5%) | 919 (72.9%) | 4498 (71.3%) |
Indian (%) | 1745 (9.9%) | 281 (9.4%) | 1464 (10%) | 776 (10.2%) | 123 (9.8%) | 653 (10.3%) |
Malay (%) | 2089 (11.8%) | 394 (13.1%) | 1695 (11.6%) | 924 (12.2%) | 179 (14.2%) | 745 (11.8%) |
Others (%) | 1065 (6%) | 93 (3.1%) | 972 (6.6%) | 456 (6%) | 40 (3.2%) | 416 (6.6%) |
Indicators of Socioeconomic Status | ||||||
Required financial assistance using Medifund (%) | 248 (1.4%) | 86 (2.9%) | 162 (1.1%) | 102 (1.3%) | 35 (2.8%) | 67 (1.1%) |
Stayed in a subsidized ward during index admission (%) | 13487 (76.3%) | 2688 (89.5%) | 10799 (73.6%) | 5807 (76.7%) | 1140 (90.4%) | 4667 (73.9%) |
Past Healthcare Utilization | ||||||
ED visits (6 month before index admission), Mean (SD) | 0.37 (0.91) | 0.67 (1.55) | 0.31 (0.69) | 0.36 (0.92) | 0.69 (1.64) | 0.3 (0.68) |
Specialist Clinic visits (1 year before index admission), Mean (SD) | 2.24 (5.38) | 4.25 (7.68) | 1.83 (4.67) | 2.14 (5.28) | 4.16 (7.74) | 1.74 (4.52) |
Hospital admissions (1 year before index admission), Mean (SD) | 0.33 (1.02) | 0.95 (1.83) | 0.21 (0.7) | 0.34 (1.14) | 1.04 (2.2) | 0.2 (0.68) |
Markers of Acute Illness Burden | ||||||
Index admission was urgent (%) | 13501 (76.4%) | 2450 (81.6%) | 11051 (75.3%) | 5764 (76.1%) | 992 (78.7%) | 4772 (75.6%) |
Required second line antibiotics during index admission (%) | 860 (4.9%) | 202 (6.7%) | 658 (4.5%) | 349 (4.6%) | 80 (6.3%) | 269 (4.3%) |
Required inpatient dialysis during index admission (%) | 580 (3.3%) | 290 (9.7%) | 290 (2%) | 256 (3.4%) | 126 (10%) | 130 (2.1%) |
Required intravenous Furosemide 40 mg and above during index admission (%) | 1038 (5.9%) | 355 (11.8%) | 683 (4.7%) | 435 (5.7%) | 143 (11.3%) | 292 (4.6%) |
Required isolation during index admission (%) | 216 (1.2%) | 54 (1.8%) | 162 (1.1%) | 98 (1.3%) | 21 (1.7%) | 77 (1.2%) |
Length of stay of index admission, Mean (SD) | 5.54 (11.16) | 7.49 (10.88) | 5.14 (11.17) | 5.55 (12.29) | 7.56 (11.82) | 5.15 (12.35) |
Charlson Comorbidity Indexa, Mean (SD) | 1.51 (2.44) | 3.62 (3.03) | 1.08 (2.05) | 1.45 (2.39) | 3.56 (3) | 1.03 (2) |
Medical Comorbiditiesb | ||||||
Stroke | 291 (1.6%) | 49 (1.6%) | 242 (1.6%) | 124 (1.6%) | 20 (1.6%) | 104 (1.6%) |
Metastatic Disease | 1924 (10.9%) | 349 (11.6%) | 1575 (10.7%) | 831 (11%) | 156 (12.4%) | 675 (10.7%) |
Non-metastatic malignancy | 3116 (17.6%) | 530 (17.7%) | 2586 (17.6%) | 1352 (17.9%) | 237 (18.8%) | 1115 (17.7%) |
Peripheral Vascular Disease | 717 (4.1%) | 123 (4.1%) | 594 (4%) | 321 (4.2%) | 48 (3.8%) | 273 (4.3%) |
Heart Failure or Fluid Overload | 2146 (12.1%) | 392 (13.1%) | 1754 (12%) | 937 (12.4%) | 140 (11.1%) | 797 (12.6%) |
Pressure Ulcer | 583 (3.3%) | 106 (3.5%) | 477 (3.3%) | 259 (3.4%) | 45 (3.6%) | 214 (3.4%) |
Thromboembolism | 1141 (6.5%) | 224 (7.5%) | 917 (6.3%) | 510 (6.7%) | 91 (7.2%) | 419 (6.6%) |
Spine Fracture | 488 (2.8%) | 92 (3.1%) | 396 (2.7%) | 198 (2.6%) | 39 (3.1%) | 159 (2.5%) |
Coronary Heart Disease or Myocardial Infarction | 2624 (14.8%) | 504 (16.8%) | 2120 (14.5%) | 1151 (15.2%) | 199 (15.8%) | 952 (15.1%) |
Hip Fracture | 375 (2.1%) | 60 (2%) | 315 (2.1%) | 144 (1.9%) | 28 (2.2%) | 116 (1.8%) |
Atrial Fibrillation | 1348 (7.6%) | 256 (8.5%) | 1092 (7.4%) | 612 (8.1%) | 98 (7.8%) | 514 (8.1%) |
Epilepsy | 180 (1%) | 31 (1%) | 149 (1%) | 79 (1%) | 11 (0.9%) | 68 (1.1%) |
Parkinsonism | 284 (1.6%) | 60 (2%) | 224 (1.5%) | 124 (1.6%) | 28 (2.2%) | 96 (1.5%) |
Anxiety | 170 (1%) | 23 (0.8%) | 147 (1%) | 82 (1.1%) | 12 (1%) | 70 (1.1%) |
Bipolar Disorder | 48 (0.3%) | 9 (0.3%) | 39 (0.3%) | 24 (0.3%) | 3 (0.2%) | 21 (0.3%) |
Collagen Vascular Disease | 270 (1.5%) | 40 (1.3%) | 230 (1.6%) | 107 (1.4%) | 14 (1.1%) | 93 (1.5%) |
Dementia | 616 (3.5%) | 99 (3.3%) | 517 (3.5%) | 289 (3.8%) | 49 (3.9%) | 240 (3.8%) |
Hypothyroidism | 406 (2.3%) | 62 (2.1%) | 344 (2.3%) | 183 (2.4%) | 26 (2.1%) | 157 (2.5%) |
Chronic Kidney Disease, Stages 1–4 | 3075 (17.4%) | 554 (18.5%) | 2521 (17.2%) | 1318 (17.4%) | 217 (17.2%) | 1101 (17.4%) |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 503 (2.8%) | 86 (2.9%) | 417 (2.8%) | 213 (2.8%) | 26 (2.1%) | 187 (3%) |
Osteoarthritis | 1499 (8.5%) | 247 (8.2%) | 1252 (8.5%) | 657 (8.7%) | 101 (8%) | 556 (8.8%) |
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy | 856 (4.8%) | 138 (4.6%) | 718 (4.9%) | 373 (4.9%) | 59 (4.7%) | 314 (5%) |
Asthma | 536 (3%) | 99 (3.3%) | 437 (3%) | 212 (2.8%) | 33 (2.6%) | 179 (2.8%) |
Hyperlipidemia | 5026 (28.4%) | 900 (30%) | 4126 (28.1%) | 2186 (28.9%) | 366 (29%) | 1820 (28.8%) |
Hypertension | 7051 (39.9%) | 1240 (41.3%) | 5811 (39.6%) | 3029 (40%) | 493 (39.1%) | 2536 (40.2%) |
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 or End Stage Renal Failure | 2384 (13.5%) | 441 (14.7%) | 1943 (13.2%) | 977 (12.9%) | 150 (11.9%) | 827 (13.1%) |
Diabetes | 4388 (24.8%) | 779 (25.9%) | 3609 (24.6%) | 1908 (25.2%) | 319 (25.3%) | 1589 (25.2%) |
History of Alcoholism | 297 (1.7%) | 60 (2%) | 237 (1.6%) | 130 (1.7%) | 30 (2.4%) | 100 (1.6%) |
Treatment with anti-depressantsc | 1753 (9.9%) | 706 (23.5%) | 1047 (7.1%) | 726 (9.6%) | 298 (23.6%) | 428 (6.8%) |