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Table 3 Pre-post comparison of the monthly number of diagnostic and lab tests prescribed per 100 consultations (time series analysis, ARIMA model)

From: The effect of a test ordering software intervention on the prescription of unnecessary laboratory tests - a randomized controlled trial

 

Control group

Intervention group

(always exposed to usual EHR software)

Before

After

p

Before software modification

After software modification

p

Diagnostic and lab tests that were withdrawn from the basic menu

 Uric acid

12

10.9

0.094

11.2

4.5

<0.001

 Serum protein electrophoresis

4.1

3.2

0.001

4.7

0.6

<0.001

 Sedimentation rate

8.3

7.7

0.259

7.1

2

<0.001

 Rest electrocardiographya

7.7

6.8

0.189

6.4

5.4

0.072

 Lung X-ray

1.7

1.6

0.351

1.9

1.4

0.002

All tests withdrawn

33.8

30.3

0.075

31.3

13.9

<0.001

Diagnostic and laboratory tests that were added to the basic menu

 HDL cholesterolb

19

17.8

0.357

16.7

16

0.566

 Triglycerides

19.6

18.3

0.349

17.4

16.2

0.372

 Faecal occult blood testb

8.5

7.3

0.236

4.9

6.3

0.017

Cervicovaginal cytologyb

4.8

4.7

0.779

4.5

4.4

0.905

Mammographyb

1.9

1.8

0.332

1.6

1.7

0.631

All tests added

53.7

49.9

0.334

45

44.7

0.909

Diagnostic and laboratory tests that were marked with green dots (USPSTF grade A and B)

 Glucose

22.7

21.5

0.402

20.4

18.8

0.199

 Total cholesterol

20.6

19.3

0.345

18.3

16.9

0.264

 Colonoscopy

1.4

1.5

0.325

1.2

1.2

0.940

 Flexible sigmoidoscopy

0.1

0.1

0.031

0.1

0.1

0.115

 DXAα

1

0.7

0.035

0.6

0.6

0.562

 VDRLβ

2.1

2

0.234

1.9

1.6

0.003

All green marked

82.1

76.7

0.331

70.2

67.5

0.560

Diagnostic and laboratory tests that were marked with red dots (USPSTF grade D)

 Pelvic ultrasound

1.2

1.1

0.033

1

1.1

0.815

 Cancer antigen 19-9

0.2

0.2

0.911

0.1

0.1

0.013

 Exercise electrocardiography

0.5

0.6

0.308

0.5

0.4

0.113

 Carotid artery ultrasound

0.3

0.2

0.484

0.2

0.2

0.072

 Spirometry

0.5

0.5

0.959

0.3

0.5

0.010

 Hepatitis B surface antigen

1.6

1.7

0.627

1.3

1.2

0.147

 Hepatitis C antibodies

1.2

1.2

0.379

0.9

0.9

0.898

All red marked

13.1

12.3

0.341

10.9

9.7

0.102

  1. aTests that were also marked with red dots. bTests that were also marked with green dots
  2. α- DXA: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry β-VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory