From: Cognitive biases associated with medical decisions: a systematic review
Author | Year of publication | Country | Number participants | Methods | Clinical problem | Type of decision | Cognitive bias (n) | Type of cognitive bias | Data quality* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Redelmeier | 1995 | Canada | 639 | Survey | Ostoearthritis, TIA | Management and Treatment | 1 | Multiple alternative/Decoy bias | 5 |
Ross | 1999 | UK | 407 | Survey | Depression | Treatment and management | 1 | Outcome bias | 6 |
Graber | 2000 | USA | 232 | Survey | Headache, abdominal pain, depression | Diagnosis | 1 | Information bias | 4 |
Sorum | 2003 | USA, France | 65 | Survey | Prostate cancer | Diagnosis | 1 | risk aversion | 4 |
Baldwin | 2005 | USA | 46 | Experimental | Brochiolitis | Management | 2 | risk aversion, Ambiguity tolerance | 5 |
Friedman | 2005 | USA | 216 | Survey | NR | Diagnosis | 1 | Overconfidence | 4 |
Reyna | 2006 | USA | 74 | Survey | Unstable angina | Diagnosis and management | 1 | risk aversion | 5 |
Bytzer | 2007 | Denmark | 127 | Video-cases | Reflux, epigastric pain | Diagnosis | 1 | Infromation bias | 4 |
Dibonaventura | 2008 | USA | 2206 | Survey | Immunization | Treatment | 2 | omissions and naturalness bias | 4 |
Mamede | 2010 | Netherlands | 36 | Experiment | Hepatitis, IBD, MI, Wernicke, Pneumonia, UTI, Meningitis | Diagnosis | 1 | Availability, Reflective reasoning | 5 |
Mamade | 2010 | Netherlands | 84 | Survey | Aortic dissection, pancreatitis, hepatitis, pericarditis, hyperthiroidism, sarcoidosis, lung cancer, pneumonia, claudication, bacterial endocarditis | Diagnosis | 1 | Deliveration without attention | 3 |
Gupta | 2011 | USA | 587 | Survey | Abdominal pain, headache, trauma, asthma, chest pain | Diagnosis | 1 | Outcome bias | 6 |
Perneger | 2011 | Switzerland | 1439 | Survey | HIV infection | Treatment-Prognosis | 1 | Framing effect | 4 |
Stiegler | 2012 | USA | 64 | Delphi and 38 simulated encounters | anaphylaxis, malignant hyperthermia, difficult airway, and pulmonary embolism | Treatment and management | 10 | anchoring, availability bias, premature closure, feedback bias, framing effect, confirmation bias, omission | 4 |
Ogdie | 2012 | USA | 41 | Narratives | NR | Diagnosis | 9 | Anchoring, availability, framing effect, blind obedience, confirmation | 3 |
Meyer | 2013 | USA | 118 | Survey | Abdominal pain, headache and rash, fever and arthralgias | Diagnosis | 1 | Overconfidence | 4 |
Crowley | 2013 | International | 71 | Pathology cases | Vesicular and diffuse dermatitides | Diagnosis | 8 | anchoring, availability bias, confirmation bias, overconfidence | 4 |
Saposnik | 2013 | Canada | 111 | Case-scenarios from real practice | Stroke | Prognosis | 2 | Overconfidence, anchoring | 5 |
Msaouel | 2014 | Greece | 153 | Survey | Tuberculosis, CAD | Diagnosis | 2 | Gambler’s and Conjunction fallacy | 5 |
Yee | 2014 | USA | 94 | Experimental | Deliveries | Management and Treatment | 1 | Ambiguity tolerance/aversion | 7 |