Fig. 3

Prevalence of most common cognitive biases as reported by different studies. Numbers represent percentages reflecting the frequency of the cognitive factor/bias. Panel a represent the prevalence of the framing effect. Panel b represent the prevalence of prevalence of tolerance to risk and ambiguity. Panel c represents the prevalence of overconfidence. Overall, overconfidence and low tolerance to risk or ambiguity were found in 50-70 % of participants, whereas a wide variation was found for the framing effect