Fig. 3

Partial dependency of the top 10 important variables for each Kampo formula. This figure shows the partial dependency plot about the top 10 important variables in Table 3. A positive value in the plot means that the variable contributes positively to selection of the Kampo formula. In contrast, a negative value indicates that the variable contributes negatively to selection of the Kampo formula. A value of zero indicates the variable does not contribute at all to the Kampo formula. Older age, higher body mass index, excess pattern, lower depressed mood and irritability, higher early-morning awakening, lower heat sensation in the face and hot flashes, negative heat pattern, and lower neck stiffness indicated the use of hachimijiogan. In the same way, younger age, higher body mass index, excess pattern, depressed mood, higher irritability, lower early-morning awakening, higher heat sensation in the face and hot flashes, heat pattern, and higher neck stiffness indicated the use of kamishoyosan. Lower body mass index and deficiency pattern indicated keishikaryukotsuboreito, but all other items in the top 10 negatively contributed to use of this Kampo formula. Solid lines are used for hachimijiogan, broken lines for kamishoyosan, and dotted lines for keishikaryukotsuboreito