Table 2 Key findings in the clinical area of HIV/AIDS (Anti-retro Viral Therapy)
Lead Author/Year | Country | Study design | Sample size | Duration | Age group | Intervention | Delivery frequency | Measures of outcome | Results Control (C) versus Intervention (I) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cristian Pop-Eleches/2011 [32] | Kenya | RCT | 428 | 12Â months | 18+ | SMS- Short and long | Short- daily, Long- weekly | Adherence to ART | Adherence of at least 90Â % during 48Â weeks of study in |
I: 53Â % | |||||||||
C: 40Â % | |||||||||
Richard T Lester /2010 [25] | Kenya | RCT | 538 | 12Â months | 18+ | SMS | Weekly | Drug adherence, suppression of plasma viral load | Adherence to ART |
I: 61.5Â %; C: 49.81Â %. Suppressed plasma viral loads I: 60.4; C: 48.3Â %. | |||||||||
Rashmi Rodrigues/2012 [33] | India | Quasi-experimental cohort | 150 | 6Â months | 18+ | Interactive voice call and picture message | Weekly | Adherence, Pill count | Adherence at baseline, month 1, month 3, month 6, month 9 and month 12 were 85Â %, 94Â %, 93Â %, 91Â %, 95Â %, and 94Â % respectively. |
Setor Kunutsor/2010 [24] | Uganda | Cross-sectional and descriptive | 176 | 7Â months | 18+ | Voice call and SMS | 4 weekly | Attendance. Drug refill | Mean adherence before and after intervention was 96.3Â % and 98.4Â % respectively ((95Â % confidence interval). |
Dongsheng Huang/2013 [17] | China | RCT | 172 | 3Â months | 18+ | Voice call | 2 weekly | Adherence to ART and quality of life (QOL) | CD4 count: |
Baseline: Treatment naïve group | |||||||||
I: 191/mm3; C: 216/ mm3 | |||||||||
Treatment experienced | |||||||||
I: 286/mm3; C: 348/ mm3. | |||||||||
End line: Treatment naïve group | |||||||||
I: 308/mm3; C: 298/ mm3. | |||||||||
Treatment experienced group- | |||||||||
I: 324/mm3; C: 356/ mm3. | |||||||||
Adherence rate: I: above 98Â %, C: fluctuated slightly | |||||||||
Thiago Martini da Costa/2012 [8] | Brazil | RCT | 21 | 4 months | 18+ | SMS | Every alternative working day + Sat. + Sun. day | Self-reported adherence, pill count | Self-reported adherence |
I: remained 100Â % in I group, C: 100 to 92.31Â % | |||||||||
Pill count | |||||||||
I: 75.00 to 62.50Â %. | |||||||||
C: 69.23 to 46.15Â %. | |||||||||
Lawrence Mbuagbaw/2012 [26] | Cameroon | RCT | 200 | 6 months | 21+ | SMS | Weekly | Visual Analogue Scale, number of doses missed (in the week preceding interview), drug refill | No significant effect on adherence by VAS > 95 % (risk ratio1.06, 95 % CI 0.89, 1.29; p = 0.542; reported missed doses (RR 1.01, 95 % CI 0.87, 1.16; p.0.999) or number of pharmacy refills (mean difference 0.1, 95 % CI: 0.23, 0.43; p = 0.617. |
CD4 count at end of 3Â months: | |||||||||
C: 327/mm3 to 375/mm3 | |||||||||
I: 347/mm3 to 406/mm3. |