|  | Adherent Ward n = 877 ICU n = 98 | Over-treated Ward n = 167 ICU n = 28 | Under-treated Ward n = 394 ICU n = 71 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male Gender | Ward n = 1438 | 544 (62.0 %) | 101 (60.5 %) | 217 (55.1 %) | 0.064a |
ICU n = 197 | 58 (59.2 %) | 25 (89.3 %) | 37 (52.1 %) | 0.0026a | |
Risk Class | Ward n = 1438 |  |  |  | 0.0002a |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3Â %) | Â | |
2 | 45 (5.1Â %) | 10 (6.0Â %) | 11 (2.8Â %) | Â | |
3 | 206 (23.5Â %) | 23 (13.8Â %) | 76 (19.3Â %) | Â | |
4 | 462 (52.7Â %) | 82 (49.1Â %) | 196 (49.8Â %) | Â | |
5 | 164 (18.7Â %) | 52 (31.1Â %) | 110 (27.9Â %) | Â | |
ICU n = 197 |  |  |  | 0.56b | |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Â | |
2 | 0 | 1 (3.6Â %) | 0 | Â | |
3 | 13 (13.3Â %) | 2 (7.1Â %) | 8 (11.3Â %) | Â | |
4 | 43 (43.9Â %) | 12 (42.9Â %) | 28 (39.4Â %)) | Â | |
5 | 42 (42.9Â %) | 13 (46.4Â %) | 35 (49.3Â %) | Â | |
Nursing Home | Ward n = 1438 | 61 (7.0 %) | 27 (16.2 %) | 44 (11.2 %) | 0.0002a |
ICU n = 197 | 4 (4.1 %) | 3 (10.7 %) | 5 (7.0 %) | 0.39b | |
Cancer | Ward n = 1438 | 85 (9.7 %) | 24 (14.4 %) | 60 (15.2 %) | 0.0096a |
ICU n = 197 | 9 (9.2 %) | 4 (14.3 %) | 7 (9.9 %) | 0.723a | |
CHF | Ward n = 1438 | 231 (26.3 %) | 43 (25.8 %) | 104 (26.4 %) | 0.99a |
ICU n = 197 | 45 (45.9 %) | 8 (28.6 %) | 35 (49.3 %) | 0.16a | |
Stroke | Ward n = 1438 | 186 (21.2 %) | 36 (21.6 %) | 131 (33.3 %) | <0.0001a |
ICU n = 197 | 11 (11.2 %) | 0 | 18 (25.4 %) | 0.0023b | |
COPD | Ward n = 1438 | 321 (36.6 %) | 66 (39.5 %) | 116 (29.4 %) | 0.0198a |
ICU n = 197 | 40 (40.8 %) | 9 (32.1 % | 25 (35.2 %) | 0.62a | |
Diabetes | Ward n = 1438 | 195 (22.2 %) | 44 (26.4 %) | 82 (20.8 %) | 0.35a |
ICU n = 197 | 27 (27.6 %) | 7 (25.0 %) | 7 (9.9 %) | 0.0169a | |
Liver Disease | Ward n = 1438 | 25 (2.9 %) | 4 (2.4 %) | 12 (3.1 %) | 0.91a |
ICU n = 197 | 3 (3.1 %) | 2 (7.1 %) | 0 | 0.72b | |
Renal Disease | Ward n = 1438 | 121 (13.8 %) | 27 (16.2 %) | 57 (14.5 %) | 0.72a |
ICU n = 197 | 18 (18.4 %) | 3 (10.7 %) | 8 (11.3 %) | 0.36a | |
Age | Ward | 79 | 79 | 80 | 0.065c |
ICU | 75 | 73 | 79 | 0.0097c | |
PSI Score | Ward | 104 | 116 | 109.5 | <0.0001c |
ICU | 123.5 | 126.5 | 130 | 0.6133c | |
Antibiotic Timing | Ward | 5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 0.081c |
ICU | 6 | 3.5 | 5 | 0.15c | |
Discharge probability (14Â day)e | Ward | 0.77 | 0.62 | 0.68 | <0.001d |
ICU | 0.48 | 0.61 | 0.40 | 0.12d | |
Clinical stability probability (7Â day)e | Ward | 0.75 | 0.57 | 0.60 | <0.001d |
ICU | 0.40 | 0.57 | 0.34 | 0.027d | |
In-hospital mortality (14Â day)e | Ward | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.13 | <0.001d |
ICU | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.04d |