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Table 3 Median frequency (quartiles) of non-verbal behaviour

From: Medical communication and technology: a video-based process study of the use of decision aids in primary care consultations

 

Guidelines n = 10

Implicit n = 11

Explicit n = 8

Doctors

   

Nodding

17 (15–20)

36 (29–45)

21 (18–28)

Head shake

4 (2–5)

2 (1–3)

0 (0–1)

Smiling

0 (0-0)

1 (0–3)

2 (0–3)

Touching the patient

0 (0-0)

0 (0-0)

0 (0–1)

Pointing at the patient

1 (0–2)

0 (0-0)

0 (0-0)

Touching/pointing at tool

6 (3–8)

1 (1–4)

6 (4–12)

Hand gesturing (illustrative)

9 (4–15)

11 (4–21)

13 (4–15)

Eye-gaze towards patient

15 (12–18)

19 (16–20)

19 (17–20)

Eye-gaze towards tool

5 (3–7)

15 (14–19)

16 (16–18)

Position inclined to patient

1 (0–2)

0 (0–3)

0 (0–1)

Position inclined to tool

2 (0–4)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

Patients

   

Nodding

21 (16–34)

31 (13–39)

19 (15–31)

Head shake

3 (1–6)

3 (2–7)

4 (2–7)

Smiling

2 (1–3)

0 (0–1)

1 (0–2)

Touching the doctor

0 (0-0)

0 (0-0)

0 (0-0)

Pointing at the doctor

0 (0–1)

0 (0-0)

0 (0-0)

Touching/pointing at tool

0 (0–1)

1 (0–3)

0 (0–1)

Hand gesturing (illustrative)

3 (2–7)

5 (3–10)

6 (2–7)

Eye-gaze towards doctor

15 (12–18)

19 (17–20)

17 (16–18)

Eye-gaze towards tool

5 (3–6)

16 (14–17)

16 (15–17)

Position inclined to doctor

1 (0–2)

0 (0–3)

0 (0–1)

Position incline to tool

2 (0–4)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

  1. Footnote: Items in bold indicate statistically significant differences across the arms of the trial using Kruskal Wallis tests. Doctors' behaviour: nodding χ2 = 10.5, df 2, p < 0.005; head shaking χ2 = 10.1, df 2, P < 0.006; smiling χ2 = 6.4, df 2, P = 0.04, pointing at the patient χ2 = 8.4, df 2, P = 0.01 and touching/pointing at the decision aid χ2 = 10.0, df 2, P = 0.007 and eye-gaze towards the decision aid χ2 = 18.4, df 2, P < 0.001. Patients' behaviour : tool directed eye-gaze χ2 = 17.3, df 2, P < 0.0001.