Table 4 Study characteristics

Country

United States

11

[7, 9, 65–72, 74]

United Kingdom

2

[6, 8]

Germany

1

[73]

Ethnic majority

White and ‘Caucasian’

5

[7, 8, 69, 71, 72]

African-American

2

[65, 67]

Hispanic-American

2

[66, 68]

Not reported

5

[6, 9, 70, 73, 74]

Health condition

Type 1 diabetes

1

[70]

Dental malocclusion

1

[9]

Leukemia (remission)

1

[69]

Nocturnal enuresis

1

[6]

Asthma

7

[7, 8, 65–68, 73]

Cystic fibrosis

1

[74]

Encopresis

1

[71]

Sickle cell disease

1

[65]

Recurrent headache (non-malignant)

1

[72]

Sample size

Reported sample size calculation

3

[6, 7, 71]

No sample size calculation; total participants n < 120

6

[8, 65, 69, 70, 72, 74]

No sample size calculation; total participants n ≥ 120

5

[9, 66–68, 73]

Intervention

< 6 months

7

[6, 9, 65, 69, 71, 72, 74]

length

≥ 6 months

7

[7, 8, 66–68, 70, 73]

Follow-up

None

10

[7–9, 65–67, 69–71, 74]

(post- intervention)

< 6 months

1

[72]

≥ 6 months

3

[6, 68, 73]

Quality assessment ratings

0

0

½

0

1

1

[9]

1½

1

[74]

2

5

[6, 7, 67, 70, 73]

2½

3

[65, 66, 71]

3

3

[68, 69, 72]

3½

1

[8]

4

0