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Table 1 The incorporation of theory-driven ingredients within the SMART system
| Theory Topic | Theories | Ingredients | How the feedback from the SMART system incorporates these |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theory Topic 1: The theoretical approach to post-stroke rehabilitation incorporated within the SMART system. | Underpinning Theories: Neuroplasticity; Motor-learning | Independent practice | Used in the absence of a therapist. |
| Intensity | Increased rehabilitation activity. | ||
| Problem solving | Self-monitoring, self-interpretation, overcoming problems encountered in the absence of a therapist. | ||
| Goal setting | Choosing which exercises to perform. | ||
| Specificity | Matched movement patterns. | ||
| Repetition | Increased rehabilitation activity. | ||
| Salience | Relevant (meaningful) feedback. | ||
| Motor learning | The SMART system provides an opportunity to learn implicitly and explicitly through trial and error and explicit feedback. | ||
| Theory Topic 2: Feedback in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation. | Underpinning Theories: Motivation; Operant Conditioning; Motor-learning | Feedback content | The SMART system provides KP, KR, verbal and visual feedback. It also provides prescriptive feedback (in part). |
| Feedback schedule | The SMART system provides feedback concurrently, terminally, after each performance and in summary. | ||
| Rewards | The SMART system provides the user with the rewards of good performance through a red, amber, green chart and through scores (depending on exercise). | ||
| Theoretical Outcome: Behaviour change and Self-management. | Underpinning Theories: Self-regulation, Social cognition, and goal-setting theories; Self-efficacy. | Goal-setting | The user is able to set specific, measurable, realistic, and time specified goals (targets) to achieve that are confirmed by the computer feedback. |
| Action planning | The user can choose when to use the system and how many sets/repetitions they do. | ||
| Self-monitoring | The user is able to monitor performance(s) independently. | ||
| Reinforcement | The SMART system provides the user with positive feedback (depending on performance). Others are able to observe results. | ||
| Self-management | The SMART system provides the user with an opportunity to problem-solve, make decisions, utilise resources, collaborate with others, and take action depending on their interpretation of the feedback provided. | ||
| Self-efficacy | The SMART system provides the user with an opportunity to evaluate achievement(s), observe demonstrations (the avatar), interpret performance(s) and changes in physical and emotional feelings as a result of usage, and receive feedback which may include verbal persuasion from significant others. |
