EMR elements | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Billing/Diagnostic codes | Laboratory results1 | Medications | Timeframe | Diabetes onset |
[23] | ≥ 1 short-stay hospital, skilled nursing facility, or home health agency claim or ≥ 2 physician/supplier claims with diabetes diagnosis | -- | -- | 1 – 2 year identification period | -- |
[24] | 1 hospital discharge abstract or 2 physician services claims showing diabetes | -- | -- | 2 year period | -- |
[19] | 250.X0, 250.X2, 357.2, 362.0X, 583.81 | ≥ 1 high HbA1c or random glucose or ≥ 2 random glucose tests | Metformin, sulfonylurea, or insulin | -- | -- |
[25] | 250.X0, 250.X2, or 362.XX (no insulin) | ≥ 1 high HbA1c or ≥ 2 high fasting or random glucose tests | -- | Diagnosis ≥ 30 days after first office visit | First appearance in problem list |
[26] | On problem list (coded or free text) ≥ 2 times in 2 years | ≥ 2 high fasting glucose tests in 1 year or any high HbA1c2 | Hypoglycemic medications | -- | -- |
[27] | 250.X | High HbA1c, fasting, or random glucose3 | Number unique anti-diabetes medications | -- | -- |
[28] | ≥ 2 250.X0 or 250.X2 | High HbA1c or fasting glucose test | Insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents except metformin | Surveillance in real time | -- |
[29] | No type 1 code, ≥ 2 type 2 codes | Abnormal glucose or HbA1c | Type 2 diabetes medications | -- | -- |
Current Study | ≥ 1 250.X0 or 250.X2, ≥ 1 year before any type 1 code | ≥ 2 high HbA1c or glucose test and ≥ 1 normal HbA1c or glucose test | Excluded for diabetes medication > 30 days before diagnosis | Normal and abnormal labs within 3 years | Earliest of first diagnosis or second high lab |