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Table 3 Summary of Findings for Decision Coaching (“n” = number of studies)

From: Coaching and guidance with patient decision aids: A review of theoretical and empirical evidence

 

Positive Results (p < 0.05)

Mixed Results

No Difference

Coaching plus a PtDA versus Usual Care (n = 5)

- Improved knowledge [6971]

- Decreased mean costs [71, 72]

- Fewer physical limitations to lifestyle activities [72]

- Decreased hysterectomies for more conservative options [72]

- Increased psycho-education rather than medication for schizophrenia [69]

- Increased single embryo transfers compared to double embryo transfer [71]

- Enhanced perceived/preferred involvement in decision making* [69, 71] or no difference in participation [73]

- Either more satisfied with the decision making process* [72] or no difference in satisfaction [73]

- Improved feeling informed subscale* [71], but no difference in total decisional conflict [73]

- Values-choice agreement [70]

- Satisfaction-uncertainty and control levels [71]

- Anxiety or depression [71]

- Uptake of genetic testing [70, 73]

Coaching versus PtDA (n = 4)

- Increased values-choice agreement [74]

- Similar improvements in knowledge [7477]

- Increased satisfaction with the decision making process [77]

- Decreased decisional conflict* [74] or no difference [75, 77]

- Participation [75]

- Preparation for decision making [75]

- Use of hormones for menopause [74, 75] or uptake of prenatal screening [77]

- Adherence to hormones for menopause [74, 75]

- Anxiety or pregnancy outcomes [77]

Coaching plus a PtDA versus PtDA Alone (n = 4)

- Increased participation in decision making [78]

- Decreased mean costs [72]

- Similar improvements in knowledge [70]

 

- Values-choice agreement [70]

- Satisfaction with the decision making process [72]

- Uptake of hysterectomy [72], genetic testing [70], or prostate cancer screening [79];

- Health outcomes [72], anxiety or depression [78]