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Table 1 Components of Clinicians’ Mental Models Diagnosis of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI)

From: Development and validation of an algorithm to recalibrate mental models and reduce diagnostic errors associated with catheter-associated bacteriuria

Guideline concordant signs and symptoms of CAUTI

Guideline discordant signs and symptoms of CAUTI

Fever

Pyuria (white blood cells in urine)

Delirium

Foul smelling urine

Rigors

Change in urine color

Flank pain

Sediment in urine

Acute hematuria (red blood cells in urine)

Systemic leukocytosis (higher than normal white blood cell count)

Pelvic discomfort

Prior “UTI” diagnosis

Urgency

Resistant organism in urine

Frequency

Vague malaise

Dysuria

Weakness

Suprapubic pain

Type of organism in urine