Table 1 Dimensions of the sociotechnical model[23]

Hardware and software

The computing infrastructure used to power, support, and operate clinical applications and devices.

Clinical content

The text, numeric data, and images that constitute the “language” of clinical applications.

Human-computer interface

All aspects of technology that users can see, touch, or hear as they interact with it.

People

Everyone who interacts in some way with technology, including developers, users, IT personnel, and informaticians.

Workflow and communication

Processes to ensure that patient care is carried out effectively.

Internal organizational features

Policies, procedures, work-environment and culture.

External rules and regulations

Federal or state rules that facilitate or constrain preceding dimensions

Measurement and monitoring

Processes to evaluate both intended and unintended consequences of health IT implementation and use.