Table 1 Cohort characteristics (N=46,974 patient-days)
Derivation (n=23,127) | Validation (n=23,847) | |
|---|---|---|
Number of Patients: | 3624 | 3792 |
RED events a, n(%) | 298 (1.3) | 287 (1.2) |
Demographics | ||
Age, mean (SD) | 50.5 (14.6) | 51 (14.8) |
Male, n(%) | 2,062 (56.1) | 2,049 (54) |
Vital Signs, mean (SD) | ||
Temperature (°F) | 98.1 (1.6) | 98.3 (1.8) |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 139.8 (25.0) | 139.6 (24.6) |
Respirations per minute | 21 (7.3) | 20.7 (6.5) |
Pulse per minute | 91.3 (19.0) | 92.1 (18.9) |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 83.8 (15.1) | 83.9 (15.4) |
SpO2 (%) | 95.6 (5.1) | 95.6 (5.0) |
Laboratory Findings, mean (SD) | ||
Platelets (103 cells/mm3) | 242.3 (125.6) | 237.8 (122.6) |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.0 (0.6) | 4.0 (0.6) |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 128.6 (76.5) | 127.8 (73.9) |
Hematocrit (g/dL) | 32.4 (6.8) | 32.4 (6.7) |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2 (2.9) | 1.8 (2.7) |
White Blood Cell Count (103 cells/mm3) | 8.6 (9.5) | 8.6 (7.3) |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.5 (4.0) | 1.5 (3.6) |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 135.8 (4.2) | 135.8 (4.4) |
Arterial pH | 7.4 (0.1) | 7.4 (0.1) |
Arterial pCO2 (mm Hg) | 37.5 (13.1) | 38.9 (13.5) |
AST (U/L) | 95.6 (417.2) | 74.5 (211.0) |
Anion Gap | 10.6 (3.9) | 10.5 (4.0) |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.7) |
B-type Natriuretic Peptide (pg/mL) | 7,291.6 (14455.7) | 6,357.2 (13019.8) |
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (μIU/mL) | 5.4 (21.6) | 4.4 (27.0) |
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 50.5 (17.7) | 50.7 (17.3) |
Level of Consciousness | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.1 (0.3) |
Provider Orders, n(%) | ||
Bilevel positive airway pressure | 122 (0.5) | 178 (0.7) |
Arterial Blood Gas | 1,436 (6.2) | 1,509 (6.3) |
Troponin I | 3,725 (16.1) | 3,804 (16.0) |
Electrocardiogram | 4,996 (21.6) | 5,143 (21.6) |
Electroencephalogram | 87 (0.4) | 115 (0.5) |
Telemetry | 1,765 (7.6) | 1,787 (7.5) |
Stat order # 1 b | 1,704 (7.4) | 1,902 (8.0) |
Stat order # 2 c | 2,476 (10.7) | 2,614 (11.0) |
Administered Medications, n(%) | ||
Institute of Safe Medication Practice High Alert Medication d | 9,257 (40.0) | 9,554 (40.1) |
Systemic Steroids e | 758 (3.3) | 808 (3.4) |
Sodium Bicarbonate | 423 (1.8) | 427 (1.8) |
Lactulose or Rifaxamin | 535 (2.3) | 634 (2.7) |
Antidote medication f | 308 (1.3) | 341 (1.4) |
More than one nephrotoxic agent taken concurrently g | 3,580 (15.5) | 3,502 (14.7) |
More than one antibiotic agent taken concurrently h | 2,549 (11.0) | 2,611 (11.0) |
Intravenous fluid bolus | 1,270 (5.5) | 1,329 (5.6) |
Stat acute coronary syndrome medications i | 2,436 (10.5) | 2,276 (9.5) |
Stat seizure abatement medications j | 1,069 (4.6) | 1,234 (5.2) |
Summary Variables | ||
MEWS, mean (SD) k | 2.2 (1.5) | 2.2 (1.5) |
High Risk Floor Assignment, n(%) l | 2,369 (10.2) | 2,348 (9.9) |