Table 2 Glomerular Disease Search Filters for PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Embase Optimized for High Sensitivity and High Specificity
| Â | Set | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Precision (%) | Accuracy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) |
PubMed Filters‡ | ||||||
High-Sensitivity Filter | (nephropath*[tw] OR glomerulonephrit*[tw] OR proteinuri*[tw] OR nephrotic[tw] OR glomerulosclerosis[tw] OR nephrit*[tw] OR kidney biopsy[tiab] OR renal biopsy[tiab] OR albuminuri*[tw] OR glomerulopath*[tiab] OR membranoproliferative[tw] OR mesangioproliferative[tiab] OR nephrosis[tw] OR microalbuminuri*[tiab] OR diabetic kidney[tw] OR diabetic renal[tw] OR anti-glomerular[tw] OR nephrosclerosis[tiab] OR alport*[tw] OR goodpasture*[tiab] OR minimal change[tiab] OR glomerular disease*[tiab] OR anca*[tw] OR anti-neutrophil[tw] OR polyangiitis[tw] OR polyangitis[tw] OR antineutrophil[tw] OR antiglomerular[tw] OR "Kidney Glomerulus"[majr:noexp] OR "Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic"[majr:noexp] OR "Vasculitis"[majr:noexp] OR "Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch"[mh:noexp] OR "Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis"[mh] OR ((lupus[tw] OR vasculitis[tw] OR purpura[tw] OR granulomatosis[tw]) AND (glomerul*[tw] OR kidney[tw] OR renal[tw] OR nephrolog*[tw])) OR ((chronic kidney[tiab] OR chronic renal[tiab] OR "Renal Insufficiency, Chronic"[mh]) AND ("Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[majr:noexp] OR "Kidney Glomerulus"[mh:noexp])) OR ("Kidney Diseases"[majr] AND (biopsy[tw] OR myeloma[tiab] OR renin-angiotensin[tw] OR hiv[tiab] OR amyloid*[tw]))) | Development | 96.7 (95.1-98.3) | 95.2 (94.9-95.6) | 43.4 (40.4-46.3) | 95.3 (94.9-95.7) |
| Â | Â | Validation | 94.8 (91.1-98.6) | 96.0 (95.5-96.4) | 28.5 (24.3-32.7) | 95.9 (95.5-96.4) |
High-Specificity Filter | (glomerulonephrit*[tw] OR nephrotic[tw] OR diabetic nephropath*[tw] OR glomerulosclerosis[tw] OR iga nephropath*[tiab] OR minimal change[tiab] OR membranoproliferative[tw] OR glomerulopath*[tiab] OR membranous nephropathy[tiab] OR antineutrophil[tw] OR nephrosis[tw] OR anca*[tw] OR diabetic kidney[tiab] OR anti-glomerular[tw] OR glomerular disease*[tiab] OR anti-neutrophil[tw] OR antiglomerular[tw] OR polyangiitis[tw] OR alport*[tw] OR mesangioproliferative[tiab] OR goodpasture*[tiab] OR immunoglobulin a nephropathy[tiab] OR "AIDS-Associated Nephropathy"[majr:noexp] OR "Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch"[majr:noexp] OR "Nephritis, Hereditary"[majr:noexp] OR "Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis"[majr] OR "Balkan Nephropathy"[majr:noexp] OR (diabet*[ti] AND nephropath*[ti]) OR ((kidney[tw] OR renal[tw] OR nephrit*[tw] OR nephrolog*[tw] OR glomerul*[tw]) AND (purpura[tw] OR lupus[tw] OR vasculitis[tw])) OR ((nephrit*[tw] OR "Renal Insufficiency, Chronic"[mh] OR chronic kidney[tiab] OR chronic renal[tiab]) AND ("Kidney Glomerulus"[mh:noexp] OR "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[majr:noexp] OR microalbuminuri*[tiab] OR immunoglobulin[tiab])) OR ((proteinuri*[ti] OR "Proteinuria"[majr:noexp]) AND (hematuria[tw] OR haematuria[tiab] OR glomerulo*[tw] OR amyloid*[tw] OR albuminuri*[tiab] OR inflammation[tiab] OR myeloma[tw])) OR ((glomerulo*[tw] OR nephropath*[tiab] OR proteinuri*[ti] OR microalbuminuri*[ti] OR albuminuri*[ti]) AND ("Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[majr:noexp] OR "Diabetic Angiopathies"[majr] OR overt[tiab])) OR ("Kidney Diseases"[majr:noexp] AND (amyloid*[tw] OR mesangio*[tiab] OR sclerosis[tiab]))) | Development | 93.8 (91.6-95.9) | 98.4 (98.2-98.6) | 69.2 (65.6-72.7) | 98.3 (98.0-98.5) |
| Â | Â | Validation | 91.1 (86.3-95.9) | 98.5 (98.2-98.7) | 50.4 (44.1-56.7) | 98.4 (98.1-98.6) |
Medline Filters†| ||||||
High-Sensitivity Filter | (nephropath$.mp OR glomerulonephrit$.mp OR proteinuri$.mp OR nephrotic.mp OR glomerulosclerosis.mp OR nephrit$.mp OR renal biopsy.tw OR albuminuri$.mp OR minimal change.tw OR glomerulopath$.tw OR membranoproliferative.mp OR antineutrophil.mp OR glomerular disease$.tw OR nephrosis.mp OR microalbuminuri$.tw OR anca$.mp OR (diabetic adj (kidney or renal)).mp OR kidney biopsy.tw OR anti-glomerular.mp OR antiglomerular.mp OR anti-neutrophil.mp OR polyang?itis.mp OR alport$.mp OR mesangioproliferative.tw OR goodpasture$.tw OR nephrosclerosis.tw OR *Kidney Glomerulus/ OR *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/ OR *Vasculitis/ OR Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch/ OR exp Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/ OR ((glomerul$.mp OR kidney.mp OR renal.mp OR nephrolog$.mp) AND (lupus.mp OR purpura.mp OR vasculitis.mp OR granulomatosis.mp)) OR ((chronic adj2 (kidney or renal)).mp AND (*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ OR Kidney Glomerulus/)) OR (exp *Kidney Diseases/ AND (biopsy.mp OR myeloma.tw OR renin-angiotensin.mp OR hiv.tw OR amyloid$.mp))) | Development | 96.7 (95.1-98.3) | 95.2 (94.9-95.6) | 43.4 (40.4-46.3) | 95.3 (94.9-95.6) |
| Â | Â | Validation | 94.8 (91.1-98.6) | 96.0 (95.5-96.4) | 28. 6 (24.4-32.8) | 96.0 (95.5-96.4) |
High-Specificity Filter | (glomerulonephrit$.mp OR (diabetic adj (nephropath$ or kidney)).mp OR nephrotic.mp OR glomerulosclerosis.mp OR iga nephropath$.tw OR minimal change.tw OR glomerulopath$.tw OR membranous nephropathy.tw OR membranoproliferative.mp OR antineutrophil.mp OR glomerular disease$.tw OR nephrosis.mp OR anca$.mp OR anti-glomerular.mp OR anti-neutrophil.mp OR antiglomerular.mp OR polyang?itis.mp OR alport$.mp OR mesangioproliferative.tw OR goodpasture$.tw OR immunoglobulin a nephropathy.tw OR *AIDS-Associated Nephropathy/ OR *Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch/ OR *Nephritis, Hereditary/ OR exp *Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/ OR *Balkan Nephropathy/ OR (diabet$ AND nephropath$).ti OR ((glomerul$.mp OR kidney.mp OR renal.mp OR nephrit$.mp OR nephrolog$.mp) AND (lupus.mp OR vasculitis.mp OR purpura.mp)) OR ((nephrit$ OR (chronic adj2 (kidney or renal))).mp. AND (Kidney Glomerulus/ OR *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ OR microalbuminuri$.tw. OR immunoglobulin.tw.)) OR ((proteinuri$.ti OR *Proteinuria/) AND (glomerulo$.mp OR h?ematuria.mp OR albuminuri$.tw OR inflammation.tw OR amyloid$.mp OR myeloma.mp)) OR ((glomerulo$.mp OR nephropath$.tw OR proteinuri$.ti OR microalbuminuri$.ti OR albuminuri$.ti) AND (*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ OR exp *Diabetic Angiopathies/ OR overt.tw)) OR (*Kidney Diseases/ AND (amyloid$.mp OR mesangio$.tw OR sclerosis.tw))) | Development | 93.8 (91.6-95.9) | 98.4 (98.2-98.6) | 69.2 (65.6-72.7) | 98.3 (98.0-98.5) |
| Â | Â | Validation | 91.1 (86.3-95.9) | 98.5 (98.2-98.8) | 50.6 (44.3-56.9) | 98.4 (98.1-98.6) |
Embase Filters∫ | ||||||
High-Sensitivity Filter | (exp glomerulopathy/ OR ((kidney or renal) adj biopsy).mp OR (diabet$ adj (kidney or renal or nephr$)).mp OR nephrotic.tw OR nephrotic syndrome/ OR glomerulonephrit$.tw OR immunoglobulin a nephropathy/ OR glomerul$ basement membrane$.mp OR iga nephropath$.tw OR minimal change.mp OR membranoproliferative.mp OR (glomerul$ adj (nephr$ or disease$ or scleros$)).tw OR membranous nephr$.tw OR anca$.mp OR proliferative glomerulonephritis/ OR wegener granulomatosis/ OR antineutrophil.mp OR polyang?itis.mp OR *glomerulus/ OR anaphylactoid purpura/ OR alport$.mp OR hiv-associated nephropath$.tw OR anti-neutrophil.mp OR mesangioproliferative.mp OR goodpasture$.mp OR (balkan adj2 nephr$).mp OR heymann nephritis/ OR ((lupus.mp OR vasculit$.mp OR purpur$.mp OR hiv$.tw OR granulomatosis.mp) AND ("Urology and nephrology".ec OR proteinuri$.mp OR nephrit$.mp)) OR ((exp *diabetes mellitus/ OR diabet$.ti) AND (nephropath$.tw OR exp *proteinuria/ OR renin-angiotensin$.mp OR dialys$.tw OR *kidney failure/ OR ((kidney OR renal) adj disease$).ti OR h?emodialys$.tw)) OR (exp *kidney disease/ AND (nephropath$.ti OR exp *proteinuria/ OR renin-angiotensin$.mp OR proteinuri$.ti OR amyloid$.mp)) OR ((exp proteinuria/ OR proteinuri$.mp) AND (nephropath$.tw OR nephrit$.mp OR renin-angiotensin$.tw))) | Development | 9.0 (98.1-99.9) | 95.3 (94.9-95.6) | 43.4 (40.5-46.3) | 95.4 (95.1-95.8) |
| Â | Â | Validation | 96.4 (93.3-99.5) | 96.0 (95.6-96.4) | 29.4 (25.2-33.4) | 96.0 (95.6-96.4) |
High-Specificity Filter | (exp *glomerulopathy/ OR nephrotic.tw OR glomerulonephrit$.tw OR diabetic nephropath$.tw OR *diabetic nephropathy/ OR glomerul$ basement membrane$.mp OR nephrotic syndrome/ OR *immunoglobulin a nephropathy/ OR iga nephropath$.tw OR minimal change.mp OR membranoproliferative.tw OR membranous nephropathy.tw OR anca$.mp OR proliferative glomerulonephritis/ OR antineutrophil.mp OR polyang?itis.mp OR *glomerulus/ OR alport$.mp OR hiv-associated nephropath$.tw OR anti-neutrophil.mp OR *anaphylactoid purpura/ OR *wegener granulomatosis/ OR goodpasture$.tw OR mesangioproliferative.tw OR (balkan adj2 nephr$).tw OR ((lupus.mp OR vasculit$.tw OR granulomatosis.mp OR purpur$.tw OR amyloid$.tw) AND (kidney biopsy/ OR proteinuri$.mp OR nephrit$.mp OR serum creatinine.tw)) OR ((exp *diabetes mellitus/ OR proteinuri$.ti OR *proteinuria/) AND (exp glomerulopathy/ OR nephropath$.tw OR *kidney failure/ OR ((kidney or renal) adj disease$).ti OR *microalbuminuria/)) OR ((exp glomerulopathy/ OR diabetic nephropath$.mp) AND (kidney biopsy/ OR mesangial$.tw OR angiotensin$.tw OR serum creatinine.tw OR albuminuri$.mp OR microalbuminuri$.mp))) | Development | 95.7 (93.9-97.5) | 98.6 (98.4-98.8) | 71.1 (67.6-74.6) | 98.5 (98.3-98.7) |
| Â | Â | Validation | 92.8 (88.5-97.1) | 98.6 (98.3-98.8) | 52.9 (46.6-59.1) | 98.5 (98.2-98.7) |