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Table 1 Biomarker retrieval terminology classes and coverage of the terminology in the annotated corpora

From: Mining biomarker information in biomedical literature

Terminology class

Description

Examples

Annotation found in abstracts

Clinical Management

Terms indicating clinical investigations on patients

Patient; Cohort study

96%

Diagnostics

Terms representing clinical as well as molecular diagnostics

Immunohistochemistry; Emission Tomography; Microarray

85%

Prognosis

Terms indicating the prediction for a patient /kind of biomarker/ outcome of therapies

Surrogate end point; clinical response; biomarker; predictor

88%

Statistics

Statistical methods indicating the strength of the biomarker relationship

Chi(2) test; mean +/− SD; univariate analysis; Kaplan-Meier Analysis

48%

Evidence

Terms describing genetic/ molecular evidence for activity of a gene

Mutation; gene amplification; polymorphism; expression

82%

Antecedent

Terms expressing exposure to hazardous agents and risk factors

Smoker; susceptibility; exposure

20%