Table 1 Characteristics of encounters at emergency departments among children included in the Integrated Care Collaboration, 1/1/2006-6/30/2009.
From: Use of a health information exchange system in the emergency care of children
| Â | All encounters n = 179,445 | Encounters without HIE usage n = 163,859 | Encounters with basic usage n = 12,910 | Encounters with novel usage n = 2,676 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Female, % | 47.9 | 48.1 | 46.2 | 46.6 |
Age, % | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   < 1 year | 21.6 | 21.8 | 19.1 | 23.5 |
   1 to 5 years | 44.3 | 44.5 | 53.7 | 51.6 |
   6 to 11 years | 18.9 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 15.7 |
   12 to 17 years | 15.2 | 15.8 | 8.2 | 9.2 |
Race/ethnicity, % | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   White non-Hispanic | 19.1 | 19.6 | 13.5 | 13.0 |
   African American | 12.8 | 12.7 | 13.2 | 13.5 |
   Hispanic | 60.5 | 60.0 | 69.8 | 69.4 |
   Other/unknown | 8.0 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 7.6 |
Payer, % | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Medicaid | 66.9 | 66.7 | 69.8 | 69.1 |
   CHIP | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 2.8 |
   Charity care | 24.2 | 24.5 | 20.6 | 21.9 |
   Unknown/multiple recorded | 3.7 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 6.1 |
Utilization history* | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Clinic visits, % |  |  |  |  |
0 | 78.4 | 79.4 | 69.3 | 59.4 |
1 to 3 | 12.1 | 116. | 16.5 | 20.2 |
≥ 4 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 14.2 | 20.4 |
   Emergency department visits, % |  |  |  |  |
0 | 78.2 | 78.8 | 70.3 | 78.8 |
1 to 3 | 19.6 | 19.1 | 26.0 | 19.0 |
≥ 4 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 2.2 |
   Hospitalized, % | 14.2 | 13.9 | 17.0 | 20.4 |
Charlson index, % | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 | 81.5 | 82.1 | 76.2 | 72.5 |
   1 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 21.6 | 24.4 |
   ≥ 2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 3.1 |
Chronic condition indicator, % | 4.6 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 6.1 |
Primary diagnosis†, % |  |  |  |  |
   Infectious & parasitic disease | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.5 |
   Neoplasms | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
   Endocrine, metabolic & immunity | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
   Diseases of the blood | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
   Mental disorders | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
   Diseases of the nervous system | 10.7 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 11.0 |
   Diseases of the circulatory system | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
   Diseases of the respiratory system | 22.9 | 22.9 | 23.8 | 23.7 |
   Diseases of the digestive system | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 5.2 |
   Diseases of the genitourinary system | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.1 |
   Complications of pregnancy/childbirth | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
   Diseases of the skin | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 4.4 |
   Diseases of the musculoskeletal | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
   Congenital anomalies | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
   Conditions originating in the perinatal period | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
   Injury & poisoning | 15.5 | 15.8 | 13.9 | 9.1 |
   Ill-defined conditions | 23.1 | 23.0 | 23.2 | 27.2 |
   Factors influencing health status | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
Unfamiliar patient‡, % | 52.5 | 54.4 | 33.9 | 16.8 |
Busier than average day§, % | 59.0 | 60.2 | 44.4 | 56.5 |