| Pre-COVID-19 (n = 95) | First COVID-19 wave (n = 130) | Second COVID-19 wave (n = 104) | Total (n = 329) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relative characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Bereaved relative | 25 (26.3) | 39 (30.0) | 26 (25.0) | 90 (27.4) | 0.692 | |
Kinship to patient | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.574 | |
 | Partner | 49 (51.6) | 72 (55.4) | 51 (49.0) | 172 (52.3) |  |
 | Child | 27 (28.4) | 41 (31.5) | 37 (35.6) | 105 (31.9) |  |
 | Other | 19 (20.0) | 17 (13.1) | 16 (15.4) | 52 (15.8) |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.047 | |
 | Man | 36 (37.9) | 31 (24.0) | 25 (24.3) | 92 (28.1) |  |
 | Woman | 59 (62.1) | 98 (76.0) | 77 (74.8) | 234 (71.6) |  |
 | Other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) |  |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.117 | |
 | < 30 years | 2 (2.1) | 5 (3.8) | 6 (5.8) | 13 (4.0) |  |
 | 30–50 years | 25 (26.3) | 38 (29.2) | 38 (36.5) | 101 (30.7) |  |
 | 51–65 years | 38 (40.0) | 56 (43.1) | 45 (43.3) | 139 (42.2) |  |
 | 66 years or older | 30 (31.6) | 31 (23.8) | 15 (14.4) | 76 (23.1) |  |
Level of education | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.088 | |
 | Low | 16 (17.0) | 26 (20.5) | 20 (19.4) | 62 (19.2) |  |
 | Medium | 44 (46.8) | 50 (39.4) | 54 (52.4) | 148 (45.7) |  |
 | High | 34 (36.2) | 51 (40.2) | 29 (28.2) | 114 (35.2) |  |
Cultural background* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Dutch | 91 (95.8) | 124 (95.4) | 86 (82.7) | 301 (91.5) | 0.001 |
 | Othera | 5 (5.3) | 12 (9.2) | 22 (21.2) | 39 (11.9) | 0.002 |
COVID-19 during ICU admission | 0b | 54 (42.2) | 39 (37.5) | 93 (40.1)c | 0.535 | |
Patient characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.011 | |
 | Man | 54 (56.8) | 95 (73.1) | 72 (69.2) | 221 (67.2) |  |
 | Woman | 41 (43.2) | 32 (24.6) | 32 (30.8) | 105 (31.9) |  |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.152 | |
 | < 30 years | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (1.2) |  |
 | 30–50 years | 7 (7.4) | 12 (9.2) | 11 (10.6) | 30 (9.1) |  |
 | 51–65 years | 36 (37.9) | 52 (40.0) | 45 (43.3) | 133 (40.4) |  |
 | 66 years or older | 51 (53.7) | 65 (50.0) | 46 (44.2) | 162 (49.2) |  |
ICU length of stay | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.248 | |
 | 3–4 days | 7 (7.4) | 5 (3.8) | 2 (1.9) | 14 (4.3) |  |
 | 5–10 days | 34 (35.8) | 36 (27.7) | 38 (36.5) | 108 (32.8) |  |
 | 11–20 days | 25 (26.3) | 46 (35.4) | 37 (35.6) | 108 (32.8) |  |
 | > 20 days | 29 (30.5) | 43 (33.1) | 27 (26.0) | 99 (30.1) |  |