Table 4 Baseline characteristics of the study participants at the different study stages

Variables

n

%

n

%

n

%

Gender

Male

15

31.3

12

34.3

4

28.6

Female

33

68.8

23

65.7

10

71.4

Ethnicity

Malay

23

47.9

15

42.8

6

42.9

Indian

15

31.3

10

28.6

4

28.6

Chinese

9

18.8

9

25.7

4

28.6

Others

1

2.1

1

2.9

0

0

Level of education

No formal education

2

4.2

1

2.9

0

0

Primary level

7

14.6

4

11.4

1

7.1

Secondary level

27

56.2

19

54.3

9

64.3

Tertiary

12

25.0

11

31.4

4

28.7

Asthma control

Controlled

18

37.5

16

45.7

8

57.1

Uncontrolled

30

62.5

19

54.3

6

42.9

Variables

Median (IQR)

Age

46 (23)

43 (18)

48 (24)

Household income, USD

448 (672)

582 (683)

560 (610)

HLS score^a

28 (5)

28 (6)

28 (7)