Author, year | Tool for clinical significance evaluation | Clinical judgment determined by | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Boockvar 2010 [37] | NCC MERP [45] | Discussion between 2 physicians or 1 physician and 1 pharmacist | 46Â % of prescribing discrepancies causing ADEs were asymptomatic, 52Â % were associated with symptoms and 3Â % caused a prolonged or an additional hospital stay. |
No prescribing discrepancies caused permanent disability or death. | |||
Gimeneze-Manzorro 2015 [43] | NCC MERP [45] | Consensus between the pharmacist and the medical coordinator | Grade C, 79.2Â % |
Grade D, 13.6Â % | |||
Grade E, 7.1Â % | |||
Gimeneze-Manzorro 2011 [42] | NCC MERP [45] | Pharmacist discuss with medical coordinators | Most errors were grade C in severity in both phases. |
Severe errors: Pre-implementation, 96/1,823 (5.3Â %); Post-implementation, 48/1,958 (2.4Â %) | |||
Kramer 2007 [38] | Nickerson et al. 2005 [48] | NR | Pre-implementation: 3 MEs (2 category B errors, 1 category C error) |
Post-implementation: 4 MEs (3 category B errors, 1 category C error) | |||
Zoni 2012 [44] | NCC MERP [45] | Consensus between the pharmacist and the medical coordinator | Most of the unintended discrepancies would cause no harm to the patient. |
In the pre-implementation, there were 2 patients where either patient monitoring would be required or the patient would suffer temporary damage. |