Variable | n | (%) | Until 99 n = 7 | 2000–2 n = 20 | 2003–5 n = 29 | p § | Projects numbers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area covered by data integration †| |||||||
   Region or country | 35 | (63) | 2 (29) | 11 (55) | 22 (76) |  | P 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55 |
   Hospital | 16 | (29) | 4 (57) | 7 (35) | 5 (17) | .037 | P 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18, 23, 24, 26, 32, 33, 37, 46, 53, 54, 56 |
   Department | 5 | (9) | 1 (14) | 2 (10) | 2 (7) |  | P 7, 25, 28, 30, 49 |
Missing | 0 | (0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | Â | Â |
Sources for patient data integration ‡ | |||||||
   Hospitals | 33 | (69) | 4 (67) | 13 (68) | 16 (70) | * | P 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56 |
   Hospital departments | 19 | (40) | 2 (33) | 10 (53) | 7 (30) | * | P 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 37, 39, 46, 49, 53, 54 |
   Primary care | 16 | (33) | 0 (0) | 5 (26) | 11 (48) | .020 | P 8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 22, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38, 40, 41, 44, 48 |
   Health portal | 4 | (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (17) | .054 | P 13, 20, 34, 49 |
   Private clinics | 1 | (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | * | P 13 |
   Private labs | 1 | (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | * | P 13 |
Missing | 8 | (14) | 1(14) | 1(5) | 6(21) | Â | Â |
User groups ‡ | |||||||
   Health professionals | 42 | (100) | 5 (100) | 18 (100) | 19 (100) |  | P 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56 |
   Medical users | 20 | (48) | 1 (20) | 8 (44) | 11 (58) | * | P 9, 10, 17, 18, 20, 25, 29, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48, 49, 54, 55, 56 |
   Nurses | 4 | (10) | 1 (20) | 2 (11) | 1 (5) | * | P 38, 42, 55, 56 |
   Other health prof. | 5 | (12) | 0 (0) | 4 (22) | 1 (5) | * | P 10, 18, 31, 42, 44 |
   Patients | 2 | (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (11) | * | P 13, 38 |
   Clerical | 1 | (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | * | P 22 |
Missing | 14 | (25) | 2(29) | 2(10) | 10(34) | Â | Â |
Type of data integrated ‡ | |||||||
   Diagnosis and Problems | 40 | (77) | 6 (86) | 13 (76) | 21 (75) | * | P 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55 |
   Images | 35 | (67) | 4 (57) | 14 (82) | 17 (61) | * | P 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 39, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 56 |
   Lab results | 34 | (65) | 6 (86) | 11 (65) | 17 (61) | * | P 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 47, 51, 54, 55, 56 |
   Discharge | 33 | (63) | 2 (29) | 12 (71) | 19 (68) | * | P 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56 |
   Procedures | 31 | (60) | 4 (57) | 9 (53) | 18 (64) | * | P 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34, 36, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55 |
   Prescription | 28 | (54) | 4 (57) | 8 (47) | 16 (57) | * | P 1, 2, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 32, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56 |
   Admission | 25 | (48) | 3 (43) | 7 (41) | 15 (54) | * | P 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 42, 45, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54 |
   Transfers | 16 | (31) | 2 (29) | 6 (35) | 8 (29) | * | P 1, 10, 11, 12, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 29, 37, 42, 47, 50, 53, 54 |
   Referrals | 10 | (19) | 0 (0) | 3 (18) | 7 (25) | * | P 1, 15, 22, 27, 34, 37, 38, 41, 47, 52 |
   Lab orders | 9 | (17) | 0 (0) | 3 (18) | 6 (21) | * | P 1, 10, 12, 13, 18, 22, 27, 42, 51 |
   Bio-signal | 9 | (17) | 1 (14) | 6 (35) | 2 (7) | * | P 3, 22, 27, 42, 44, 51, 53, 54, 56 |
Missing | 4 | (7) | 0(0) | 3(43) | 1(3) | Â | Â |
Type of model †,ℓ | |||||||
   Semantic – all data structured | 21 | (44) | 1 (20) | 8 (47) | 12 (46) |  | P 5, 9, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 25, 29, 30, 33, 34, 37, 38, 40, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56 |
   Middleware | 19 | (40) | 3 (60) | 8 (47) | 8 (31) |  | P 4, 11, 14, 18, 19, 24, 26, 27, 31, 32, 39, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51 |
   Direct communication | 5 | (10) | 1 (20) | 1 (6) | 1 (12) |  | P 2, 6, 7, 23, 45 |
   Generic – structure and data dynamic | 3 | (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (12) |  | P 1, 17, 36 |
Missing | 7 | (13) | 2(29) | 3(15) | 3(10) | Â | Â |
Medical informatics standards ‡ | |||||||
   HL7 (includes CDA) | 23 | (68) | 2 (67) | 12 (80) | 9 (56) | * | P 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 14, 16, 21, 27, 29, 30, 34, 35, 37, 40, 41, 42, 44, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56 |
   Just CDA | 5 | (15) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 4 (25) | * | P 16, 21, 27, 34, 52 |
   DICOM | 11 | (32) | 2 (67) | 6 (40) | 3 (19) | .071 | P 3, 9, 14, 25, 31, 32, 34, 35, 43, 44, 51 |
   Other | 8 | (24) | 2 (67) | 3 (20) | 3 (19) | * | P 3, 27, 32, 33, 35, 38, 47, 51 |
   GEHR | 3 | (9) | 1 (33) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) | * | P 3, 17, 36 |
   SCIPHOX | 1 | (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | * | P 34 |
   MML | 1 | (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | * | P 13 |
Missing | 24 | (43) | 4(57) | 5(25) | 15(52) | Â | Â |
Repository ‡ | |||||||
   Database | 34 | (77) | 5 (83) | 10 (63) | 19 (86) | * | P 2, 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 54, 55, 56 |
   Virtual | 11 | (25) | 1 (17) | 7 (44) | 3 (14) | * | P 5, 6, 8, 14, 21, 28, 35, 37, 42, 49, 54 |
   Files | 7 | (16) | 1 (17) | 2 (13) | 4 (18) | * | P 9, 10, 20, 22, 26, 31, 38 |
   PACS | 1 | (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | * | P 25 |
   LDAP | 1 | (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | * | P 27 |
Missing | 13 | (23) | 1(14) | 4(20) | 8(28) | Â | Â |
Communication method ‡ | |||||||
   Database direct access | 9 | (30) | 4 (80) | 1 (13) | 4 (24) | .063 | P 2, 23, 26, 28, 32, 39, 41, 46, 54 |
   Web services | 8 | (27) | 0 (0) | 1 (13) | 7 (41) | .042 | P 5, 6, 16, 20, 33, 38, 49, 52 |
   CORBA | 4 | (13) | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | 2 (12) | * | P 14, 27, 33, 47 |
   E-Mail | 3 | (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (13) | 2 (12) | * | P 15, 20, 34 |
   DICOM | 3 | (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (13) | 2 (12) | * | P 25, 31, 43 |
   DDE | 3 | (10) | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | 1 (6) | * | P 7, 14, 34 |
   DHE | 3 | (10) | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | 1 (6) | * | P 19, 47, 48 |
   CGI | 3 | (10) | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | .082 | P 32, 39, 55 |
   Agents | 2 | (7) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | * | P 11, 26 |
Missing | 28 | (50) | 2(29) | 12(60) | 14(48) | Â | Â |
How data is made available to users ‡ | |||||||
   Web browser | 34 | (92) | 5 (83) | 11 (100) | 18 (90) | * | P 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 55, 56 |
   Client application | 7 | (19) | 1 (17) | 3 (27) | 3 (15) | * | P 9, 12, 13, 24, 33, 48, 51 |
Missing | 19 | (34) | 1(14) | 9(45) | 9(31) | Â | Â |
How data is made available to other Information Systems ‡ | |||||||
   Web services | 7 | (88) | 0 (-) | 2 (100) | 5 (83) |  | P 6, 11, 16, 18, 27, 35, 49 |
   CORBA | 1 | (13) | 0 (-) | 0 (0) | 1 (17) | * | P 27 |
Missing | 48 | (86) | 7(100) | 18(90) | 23(79) | Â | Â |