Table 1 Characteristics of participants and prevalence of risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes at baseline

Age, yrs (SD)

32.4 (4.6)

32.5 (5.1)

32.4 (4.8)

0.832

University degree, N (%)

184 (65.2)

122 (54.0)

306 (60.2)

0.012

Employed, N (%)

251 (89.0)

175 (77.4)

426 (83.9)

<0.001

Residence

North, N (%)

125 (44.3)

88 (38.9)

213 (41.9)

0.061

Center, N (%)

114 (40.4)

85 (37.6)

199 (39.2)

South, N (%)

43 (15.2)

53 (23.5)

96 (18.9)

Planning first pregnancy, N (%)

213 (75.5)

164 (74.2)

377 (75.0)

0.734

Previous miscarriage, N (%)

16 (5.7)

33 (14.9)

49 (9.7)

0.001

Obstetrician/Gynaecologist visit in the last year, N (%)

243 (86.2)

183 (82.8)

426 (84.7)

0.298

Pap-test in the last 5 years N (%)

265 (94.0)

191 (86.4)

456 (90.7)

0.004

Family history of malformation, N (%)

31 (11.0)

32 (14.16)

63 (12.5)

0.257

Consanguinity, N (%)

5 (1.8)

9 (4.1)

14 (2.8)

0.12

Underlying diseases, N (%)

45 (16.0)

28 (12.8)

73 (14.6)

0.32

Current medicine consumption, N (%)

51 (18.1)

51 (22.9)

102 (20.2)

0.184

No Folic acid supplementation N (%)

148 (52.5)

118 (53.4)

266 (52.9)

0.839

BMI <18.5 N (%)

23 (8.2)

11 (4.9)

34 (6.7)

0.151

BMI ≥ 25 N (%)

52 (18.5)

55 (24.9)

107 (21.3)

0.083

Need of vaccination against rubella N (%)

55 (19.5)

52 (23.4)

107 (21.2)

0.285

Need of vaccination against varicella N (%)

37 (13.1)

30 (13.5)

67 (13.3)

0.913

Need of vaccination against hepatitis b N (%)

117 (41.5)

103 (46.6)

220 (43.7)

0.251

Smoking (any quantity) N (%)

37 (13.1)

48 (21.7)

85 (16.9)

0.011

Drinking alcohol (any quantity) N (%)

202 (71.6)

148 (67.0)

350 (69.6)

0.259