From: Coaching and guidance with patient decision aids: A review of theoretical and empirical evidence
Conceptual Model | Goal | Provided by | SDM /Coaching or Guidance Process | Implemented and/or evaluated in |
---|---|---|---|---|
IP-SDM Model (coaching) | To assist two or more health professionals to achieve shared decision making with the patient | Health professional trained to support the patient’s involvement in SDM | 1) Making explicit that a decision needs to be made, 2) Exchanging information (including the use of PtDAs), 3) Clarifying values/preferences, 4) Determining feasibility of options, 5) Reaching a choice, and 6) Implementing the chosen option. | Primary care (CA, US); Intensive care (CA, US); Nephrology (CA); Homecare (CA) |
Framework for Decision Coach Mediated SDM (coaching) | To achieve higher quality decisions | Health professional | a) Assessing patients’ decisional conflict and related modifiable deficits in knowledge, values clarity and support; b) Tailoring decision support to meet patients’ needs by facilitating access to PtDAs and/or providing evidence-based information, verifying understanding, clarifying values, building skills in deliberation, communication and accessing support; c) Monitoring and facilitating patients’ progress in decision making; and d) Screening for factors influencing decision implementation, including patients’ motivation and self-efficacy, and other potential barriers impeding implementation. | Primary care call centre (CA, US, Chile); Cancer care (AU, UK, Japan); End of life care (CA); Various decisions in training of graduate students (CA) |
FAST (coaching) | To improve participation in specialty or chronic care consultations | Students/trainees, peer navigators, allied health professionals | To help patients after they have reviewed a PtDA (or education materials in the absence of a PtDA) to formulate issues that they will subsequently analyze with their practitioner(s). | Orthopaedics (US, UK); Chronic care, (US, UK); Cancer care (US, UK) |
Ottawa Decision Support Framework (guidance) | To address modifiable decisional needs contributing to decisional conflict | Incorporated as steps in PtDAs | Structures the process of decision making by making explicit a set of steps and encouraging patients to communicate their informed preferences with others involved in the decision (e.g., practitioner, family, friends) | Large variety of decisions (AU, CA, US, Japan, UK) |